Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and it often remains undetected until it has progressed to an advanced stage. This is primarily because identifying the early signs of lung cancer can be challenging, as some symptoms may initially seem subtle or easily attributed to other common conditions.
It's important to be vigilant and consult a healthcare professional if any persistent or unusual symptoms arise, as they could potentially indicate underlying health issues.
“Many of the early signs of lung cancer can mimic other health issues,” says Dr. John P. Krcmarik, a board-certified, fellowship-trained pulmonologist with Beaufort Memorial Pulmonary Specialists. “If you notice any of the symptoms are worsening or may indicate lung cancer, don’t hesitate to make an appointment with your provider.”
Symptom 1: Persistent Cough
A new, persistent cough that develops without apparent explanation that lingers or intensifies over time can be a hallmark symptom of lung cancer.
Although coughing is a common occurrence in various respiratory conditions, the presence of a chronic, persistent cough can be one of the earliest indicators of lung cancer.
Furthermore, changes in your voice — such as hoarseness — along with breathing issues like wheezing and shortness of breath, can signify lung cancer affecting the airways. Additionally, if you find yourself coughing up blood or phlegm, or if your cough persists or worsens over time, it may indicate a more severe underlying condition like lung cancer.
Symptom 2: Chest Pain
Experiencing persistent or worsening chest pain that is aggravated by actions such as coughing, laughing or taking deep breaths can be indicative of lung cancer. This type of chest pain may feel sharp, stabbing or dull, and can be localized or radiate to the back or shoulders.
Symptom 3: Fatigue
Feeling tired or weak for an extended period, even with adequate rest, can be an indicator of a lung-related issue.
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Symptom 4: Swelling in the Neck, Face or Arm
Tumors that press on the superior vena cava (a large vein carrying blood from the upper body to the heart) can cause swelling, a rare but possible symptom due to restricted blood flow caused by the tumor.
Symptom 5: Horner Syndrome
In cases of lung cancer, the compression of specific nerves by a tumor can result in a condition known as Horner syndrome. This syndrome may manifest as drooping of one eyelid, constricted pupil size and loss of sweating on one side of the face.
Symptom 6: Shoulder Pain
Shoulder pain can signal the presence of a tumor exerting pressure on the brachial plexus nerves, which can manifest as discomfort in the shoulder or the shoulder blade (scapula). This kind of pain could potentially be attributed to a Pancoast tumor, a specific type of lung cancer that affects the brachial plexus nerves in the shoulder.
Each of these six symptoms alone is not necessarily indicative of lung cancer, Dr. Krcmarik says, but they should be evaluated if they are felt to be new, persistently troublesome or associated with a combination of symptoms as described.
Who Should Consider a Lung Cancer Screening?
A low-dose CT (LDCT) scan of the lungs, also known as a lung cancer screening, is used to detect early signs of lung cancer in individuals at high risk for the disease. Your primary care provider can assist in determining if annual lung cancer screenings are suitable for you based on your risk factors and specific criteria. Lung cancer screenings can be especially helpful for a smoker or someone with a history of smoking.
You may qualify for a lung cancer screening if you show no signs or symptoms of lung cancer and meet specific guidelines outlined by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, including:
- Aged between 50 and 80
- A current or former smoker (regardless of when you quit)
- With a smoking history of at least 20 pack years, equivalent to smoking an average of one pack per day for 20 years or two packs daily for 10 years
An LDCT, as the name suggests, uses up to 90% less radiation than standard CT scans, and they are the only recommended screening method to detect lung cancer early. Annual LDCT scans are recommended if you’re at risk of developing lung cancer, to catch the disease before it spreads.
“Lung cancer screenings are a critical tool, particularly for people who are at higher risk,” Dr. Krcmarik says. “An LDCT scan is more effective than an X-ray for spotting early-stage lung cancer. Screening can detect lung cancer before any symptoms appear, allowing for treatment at a much earlier stage.”
Read More: The Top 5 Reasons to Quit Smoking
Lung Cancer Screenings: Early Detection Matters
Because early signs of lung cancer can be so subtle, many cases are not caught until the cancer has progressed. Lung cancer is most dangerous in its later stages when it has spread to other organs or parts of the body. This is typically stage 4, also called metastatic cancer, where the tumor has extended beyond the lungs to other areas such as the lymph nodes, liver or brain. Stage 4 lung cancer is often fatal, but early detection through lung cancer screenings can help catch the disease in its earlier, more treatable stages.
“Lung cancer screenings are highly recommended for those at high risk, as early detection can dramatically improve outcomes,” Dr. Krcmarik says. “The bottom line is if you’re having any issues involving your chest or breathing, it’s time to call your provider.”
A lung cancer screening requires a referral from your primary care provider. If you need a provider, find one accepting new patients.
