As summer temperatures inch higher and higher, many residents will be out enjoying time boating, picnicking and swimming. Some of the most popular summer pastimes can be dangerous if certain precautions aren’t taken. Dr. Stephen Larson, a board-certified emergency medicine physician and the medical director of the Beaufort Memorial Pratt Emergency Center, has some tips to decrease the effects of the high temperatures while enjoying your summer activities.
Stay Ahead of Summer Heat
The heat and humidity in the Lowcountry can be stifling however, you can prevent heat-related illnesses. When planning time outdoors be sure to:
- Drink one quart of water in the morning, at each meal and throughout your day outside. Take frequent small drinks of water—they are more effective than drinking large amounts of water at once.
- Take frequent rest periods in the shade.
- Decrease physical exertion during prime sun periods, typically from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.
- Always wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing.
- Always wear a hat to cover your face.
- Always wear sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher.
If you'll be outdoors for a lengthy period of time look for the warning signs of these common issues:
Heat cramps
- Muscle cramps in the abdomen, legs or arms
Heat exhaustion
- Excessive sweating with pale, moist and cool skin
- Weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Dizziness
May also include heat cramps, nausea, urge to defecate, chills, rapid breathing, tingling of the hands or feet and confusion.
Heat stroke
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Stomach pains
- Confusion
- Weakness
- Sudden loss of consciousness
May include seizures; hot and dry skin; weak and rapid pulse; and respiration. This is a medical emergency that needs immediate attention.
Dehydration
- Dry mouth
- Dark-colored urine and a decreased output
- Headache
- Dizziness
Children under 2 and adults over 60 are especially susceptible to dehydration, so they need to take extra precautions while in the sun.
Treat Heat-related Illnesses
If you or someone you're with experiences the signs and symptoms above, you should:
- Force water consumption (try to provide cool water—50 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit --to enhance its taste and increase voluntary water consumption).
- Move to a cooler, shaded area.
- Stop physical activity.
- Place a wet, cool cloth around the neck.
“Always seek medical attention for anything suspicious and worrisome, and never hesitate to dial 9-1-1 for an emergency. If you are careful, summer fun can be endless,” says Dr. Larson.
Learn more about the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).